Lathe is a machine tool that mainly uses turning tools to turn rotating workpieces. On the lathe, drill bits, reamers, taps, dies and knurling tools can also be used for corresponding processing. Lathes are mainly used to process shafts, discs, sleeves and other workpieces with rotating surfaces. They are the most widely used machine tools in machinery manufacturing and repair factories.

1. "Bow lathe" of ancient pulleys and bow rods. As early as ancient Egypt, people have invented the technology of turning wood with a knife when it rotates around its central axis. At first, people used two standing trees as supports to erect the wood to be turned, rolled the rope onto the wood using the elasticity of the branches, pulled the rope by hand or foot, rotated the wood, and cut it with a knife in hand.

This ancient method gradually evolved and developed into a "bow lathe" in which two or three circles of rope were wound around the pulley, the rope was placed on an elastic rod bent into an bow, and the bow was pushed and pulled back and forth to rotate the processed object for turning.

2. "Pedal lathe" driven by crankshaft and flywheel in the middle ages. In the middle ages, someone designed a "pedal lathe" that used a pedal to rotate the crankshaft and drive the flywheel, and then transmitted to the spindle to make it rotate. In the middle of the 16th century, a French designer named Besson designed a lathe for turning screws that used screws to make the tool slide. Unfortunately, this kind of lathe was not popularized.

3. In the 18th century, bedside boxes and chucks were born. In the 18th century, someone designed a lathe that uses the pedal and connecting rod to rotate the crankshaft, which can store the rotational kinetic energy on the flywheel, and developed from directly rotating the workpiece to rotating the headstock, which is a chuck used to hold the workpiece.

4. In 1797, mozley, an Englishman, invented the epoch-making tool rest lathe, which has precision guide screws and interchangeable gears.

Mozley was born in 1771. At the age of 18, he was the right-hand man of inventor Brammer. It is said that Brammer used to do farm work. At the age of 16, his right ankle was disabled due to an accident, so he had to change to carpentry with low mobility. His first invention was the water closet in 1778. Mozli began to help Brammer design hydraulic presses and other machinery until he was 26 years old, because Brammer rudely refused moliz's request to increase his salary to more than 30 shillings a week.

In the year that mozley left Brammer, he made the first screw lathe, which was an all metal lathe with tool holders and tailstock that could move along two parallel guide rails. The guide surface of the guide rail is triangular, which drives the lead screw to make the tool holder move laterally when the spindle rotates. This is the main mechanism of modern lathes, which can be used to turn precision metal screws with any pitch.

Three years later, mozli built a more perfect lathe in his own workshop. The gears on it can be replaced with each other, and the feed speed and the pitch of the processed thread can be changed. In 1817, Roberts, another Englishman, adopted a four-stage pulley and back wheel mechanism to change the speed of the main shaft. Soon, larger lathes came out, which made great contributions to the invention of steam engine and other machinery.

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